Across
- What asserted that the monarch must obey the law.
- Who banned kings appointing bishops
- A method of study that uses reason to support Christian beliefs
- to build an efficient system of tax collection English kings used the
- During the First Crusade in 1099, Christian knights succeeded in capturing
- to appease rebellious nobles angered over his abuse of power _________ signed the Magna Carta
- a treaty that ended the struggle between emperors and popes over investiture.
- During the Fourth Crusade, Muslim armies _______ the Europeans
- At the Council of Clermont in 1095, Roman Pope Urban II rallied Christians to help Byzantine emperor Alexius I to drive the Muslim Turks from the ______
- Unlike France and England, German states were unable to
- Everyday language of ordinary people
- The eastern Roman empire later became the
- This emperor weakened Germany by becoming embroiled in Italy’s affairs and spending little time in Germany.
- ____ was a military leader from the Ottoman Empire
- The first ______ evolved during the Middle Ages as a change in education.
- In contrast to the English Parliament, the French Estates General did not gain control of
- A key feature of ____ architecture is flying buttresses.
- Pope who called for the first crusade
- In the 1100s and 1200s, Holy Roman emperors wanted to control
- Who claimed authority over most of central and eastern Europe and parts of France and Italy
- Holy war
- Most medieval art was______ in nature.
- the chief goal of this was to free the holy land
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Down
- Clergyman who resisted Henry II’s efforts to increase royal power
- Law that is the same for all people
- In the High Middle Ages, the balance of power began to shift toward
- One effect of the _________ was that English rulers turned to new trading ventures overseas.
- After the Reconquista was complete in 1492, Queen Isabella launched a crusade against ______________.
- People reacted to the spread of the Black Death by blaming the _____
- To broaden the English system of royal justice Henry II established ________ and the _________
- A group of men who determined which cases should be brought to trial
- Book that claimed reason was a gift from God that could provide answers to philosophical questions
- _______ was responsible for the development of an early jury system
- one result of the Crusades was an
- _______ helped educate the poor beccause they featured sculptures and stained glass that portrayed biblical stories.
- Henry II's desire to ____ clergy in a royal court caused conflict with Thomas Becket.
- A major conflict between the Holy Roman emperors and the popes concerned who would _______ bishops.
- a result of the plague in Europe was __________.
- the campaign to drive the Muslims out of Spain.
- Christian scholar who used reason to examine Christian teaching
- One result of the Crusades was increased _____ in Western Europe
- disease spread by rats, fleas, and poor sanitation caused the __
- _______ allowed builders of cathedrals to construct higher walls and leave space for huge stained-glass windows.
- Government body set up by Philip IV of France to help with taxes
- rulers that failed to control strong and independent nobles was the main reason that ____ did not unite.
- Ruler who used the Inquisition to help unify Spain
- Richard the Lionheart was also known as
- According to Joan of Arc, she was told to lead the French army by ______.
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